الثلاثاء، 4 ديسمبر 2012

Chapter 5:Network Applications, Web 2.0, Distance Learning, and Telecommuting

 
 
Network Applications, Web 2.0, Distance Learning, and Telecommuting
 
Connected computers
Work together
Are interdependent
Exchange data  with each other
 
Network Applications
Discovery, Communications , Collaboration and Web services
 
Discovery
Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas,
on the Web.
Search engines are computer programs that search for specific information
 by key words and report the results.
Metasearch engines search several engines at once and integrate the findings of
 the various search engines to answer queries posted by users.
 
 Examples for Largest Search Engines
Google, Yahoo , Ask and Microsoft Network
Portal is a Web-based, personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the Internet using advanced search and indexing techniques.
Commercial (public) portals offer content for diverse communities and are the most popular portals on the Internet.
Affinity portals support communities such as a hobby group or a political party.
Mobile portals are accessible from mobile devices.
Corporate portals offer a personalized single point of access through a Web browser.
Industry wide portals are for entire industries.
Communication:
Electronic mail (e-mail) is the largest-volume application running on the Internet.
Web-based call centers (customer call center) are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support.
Electronic chat room is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to (gab)
 
Collaboration
Collaboration refers to efforts of two or more entities (individuals, teams, groups,
or organizations) who work together to accomplish certain tasks.
Work group refers specifically to two or more individuals who act together to perform some task.
Virtual group (team) is when group members are in different locations.
Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.
Work flow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.
Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it.
Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference.
Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means.
Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.
Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards.
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is a loose collection of information technologies and applications and the
Web sites that use them..
 
Categories of Web 2.0 Sites
Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.
Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).
Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime)
 
Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture
Web services are applications delivered over the Internet that users can select and combine through almost any device, from personal computers to cell phones.
A service-oriented architecture is an IT architecture that makes it possible to construct business applications using web services.
 
Four Protocols of Web Services
Extensible Markup Language (XML) makes it easier to exchange data among a variety of applications. All Web services documents are written in XML.
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a protocol that defines how messages can be exchanged among different systems and applications through the use of XML.
The Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is used to create the XML document that  describes the tasks performed by various Web services.
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) allows users to search for needed Web services in public or private directories of such services.
 
Web services architecture has three major components
   Web services provider
   Web services directory
   Web services client (or consumer)
 
 WSDL creates the XML document and describes the various Web services in the directory.
 UDDI allows Web services to be stored in the directory and allows users to search  for those services
 SOAP enables users to access needed Web services.
E-Learning refers to learning supported by the Web.
Distance learning (DL) refers to any learning situation in which teachers and students
  do not meet face-to-face.
  Benefits of E-Learning
Self-paced learning increases content retention.
Online materials deliver high-quality, current content.
Students have the flexibility of learning from any place at any time at their own pace.
Learning time generally is shorter, and more people can be trained due to faster training time.
Training costs can be reduced.
 
Drawbacks of E-Learning
Instructors may need training to be able to teach electronically.
The purchase of additional multimedia equipment may be necessary.
Students must be computer literate and may miss the face-to-face interaction with instructors.
There are issues with assessing students’ work, as instructors really do not know who completed assignments
 
Telecommuting allows workers to work anytime and anyplace.
 
Telecommuting Benefit
For Employees
Reduced stress, improved family life
Employment opportunities for single parents and persons with disabilities
For Employers
Increased productivity
Ability to retain skilled employees
 
Telecommuting Disadvantages
For Employees
Feelings of isolation
No workplace visibility
Potential for slower promotions
For Employers
Difficulties in supervising work
Potential information security problems
Additional training costs
 
 
 
 
 
 


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