Information systems and the modern organization
computer based information systems (CBIS) : use computer technology to perform some or all their tasks and its consist of : hardware, software, database, network, people, procedures
there are many capablities of information systems
perform high speed and high volume of numerical computations
provide fast and accurate communication and collaboration within and among organization
store huge amounts of information in small place
allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information worldwide
increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or in several locations anywhere
interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently
automate both semiautomatic business processess and manual tasks
application program: is a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process
the collection of application programs in a single department is usually referred to a departmental information system
there are two information systems which support the entire organization
enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) and transaction processing systems(TPS)
also, there are many information systems which support particular employees within the organization:
office automation systems(OASs), Business intelligence(BI), Expert systems (ESs), Dashboards.
Porters Competitive Forces Model
first, The treat of entry new competitors
second, the bargaining power of suppliers
third, the baargaining power of customers
fourd, the threat of substitute products or services
fifth, the rivarly among existing firms in the industry
Porters value chain model
it has two categories: primary activities and support activities
primary activities consist of :
Inbound logistics(inputs), operations(manufacturing and testing), outbound logistics (storage and distribution), marketing and sales, after-sales services
support activities consist of:
The firm's infrastructure (accounting, finance, management), human resource managemant, product and technology development (R&D) , procurement
strategies for competitive advantage
cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, innovation strategy, operational effectiveness strategy, customer orientation strategy
information systems so important to organizations and society
IT will reduce the number of Middle managers
IT will change the Manager's job
IT impacts Employees at work
IT provides Quality of Life improvements
Traditional Major IS function
managing systems development and systems project management
managing computer operations including the computer center
staffing, training and development IS skills
providing technical services
infrastructure planning, development and control
New(Consulative) Major IS Functions
initiating and designing specefic strategic information systems
incorporating the internet and electronic commerce into the business
managing system, integration including the internet, intranets and extranets
educating the non-IS managers about IT
educating the IS staff about the business
supporting end users computing
partnering with the executives
managing outsourcing
proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative ideas about IT
creating business alliances with vendors and IS departments in other organizations
The role of the IS department
chief information officer(CIO): the role of the director of the ISD is changing from a technical manager to a senior executive
